Mallorca Mastiff
This is the breed standard for the Mallorca Mastiff
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Essentials
Historical Summary
The breed group of white mountain dogs is derived from Arctic wolves, whose remains from pre-ice age have been preserved in the mountainous regions of Europe to the edge of the glaciers. These are the north slopes of the Caucasus, the Balkans, specially the Rodope mountains, the Carpathians, specially the Tatra, the northern slopes of the Abruzzi and Alps and finally the Pyrenees. In these colder and damper areas, the alleged type of mountain dog is also accompanied by remains of flora and fauna whose nearest location were still found in Scandinavia by the Swedish explorer Wahlenberg. A similar connection with Nordic domestic animals we can, for example, find in the Tatra and Carpathian region with the Huzul horse, whose nearest relation is the Gudbrandstal horse. So it is with the Tatra Chuvach, whose Nordic analogy is the Pomeranian Shepherd dog (Pommernscher Hütehund) and others.
Slovak alpine farming has a very ancient tradition. The Tatra Chuvach, together with the mountain sheep, the Huzul horse and the typical mountain inhabitants, form the basis for an economy which assumes the utilization of the pastures through animal husbandry.
The Slovak mountain people were largely free people, not suppressed by medieval forced labour, which protected the frontiers and paid its dues merely in the form of “sheep’s cheese”. Their organization was called “Wallachischer Bund (Union)” (Valasski Opasek), whose centre (until the repeal of forced labour) was in Kaschau. The members of this, basically, herding and military organization, carried out their service on the mountain meadows, always together with their typical dogs, the watch dogs of the Tatra and they were always depicted with them.
As a good guard, watch dog and companion as well as guide for the shepherds, the Tatra Chuvach has also proved his worth in the guarding of cattle, driving poultry and other domestic animals to pasture, as well as guarding different objects. Holiday makers visiting the mountain farmers to buy cheese and other products found pleasure in the thickly coated puppies and so transferred the breed to the low-lands, where they were not seldom regarded as a luxury breed because of their unusual appearance.
On the Polish side of the Tatra, where a similar breed, the Goral Dogs (Mountain Dogs), are kept, specially powerful animals are called “Liptauer” by the people which points to the Slovak origin. So the breeding region of the Tatra Chuvach has a topographic boundary.
The Stud Book of the Tatra Chuvach in Czechoslovakia was founded more than thirty years ago by Professor Anton Hruza of the Brno Veterinary College. The basic material stemmed from the area of the places Liptovska Luzna, Kokava, Vychodna v. Tatrach and the neighbourhood of Rachovo in the Carpathians. The first breeding establishment had the name “Ze zlaté studny” (of the Golden Fountain) and was founded in Svitavy and Brno. The Carpathian kennel had the prefix “Z Hoverla” (Of Hoverla). Since then the club for Tatra Chuvach breeders, with its headquarters in Bratislava, has kept exact records and held exhibitions, assessments, competitions and shows in all regions of the republic. Further old blood lines stem from the places Liptovské Hole, Velky Choc, Zakopané, Martin, Jedlova and Jeseniky.
The widest spread lines are those of Topas, Uran, Simba, Hrdos, Ibro, Cuvo, Bundas, Dinar, Samko, Bojar, Olaf and others.
Genetically, the Tatra Chuvach can be characterised as a “leucistic” Mountain Dog with black muzzle and to a lesser part as “flavistic” dog with brown muzzle and paler eye. From the combination of the mentioned genetic types, of which the former is dominant, stems a certain difference in the shading of colour, of the pigmentation of the eyelids, eyes, muzzle, lips and membranes.
Through strict selection favouring the first type, the judges and breeders achieved the type required by the following standard and its stabilising by breeders.
The number of club members with breeding stock and kennels has recently been counted as towards 200. Living registered dogs, at present in the republic, number nearly 800.
The quality of our breeding of the Tatra Chuvach is confirmed by favourable assessment at international shows (Prague, Brno, Liberec, Bratislava, Leipzig and others) and this with strong foreign competition.
FCI-Standard N° 249 / 13.06.1997
/ GB
MALLORCA MASTIFF
(Perro Dogo Mallorquin, Ca de Bou)
TRANSLATION : C. Seidler.
ORIGIN : Spain.
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 11.12.1996.
UTILIZATION :
Watch and Guard Dog.
CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group
2 Pinscher and Schnauzer-Molossoid breeds-Swiss Mountain Cattle Dogs.
Section 2.1 Molossian, Mastiff type.
Without working trial.
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : Since ancient times, seafaring from East to West
in the Mediterranean region has led to the exchange of culture and science
between nations. These
reciprocal relations, even though mainly of a commercial nature, also gave
the opportunity for an exchange of domestic animals.
Amongst these were watch and guard dogs which were needed in harbours
and coastal settlements as a protection against pirates and robbers coming
in by sea. Amongst these mostly
large, strong, resistant dogs with large heads and powerful teeth, one type
distinguished itself. It was the
mastiff of the Iberian Peninsula, which, in Spain, was used in various areas
as a hunting or as a fighting dog against bulls and other dogs.
This breed accompanied King Jacob 1 on his conquests and arrived in
the Balearics about the year 1230.
In the 17th century, Minorca and others areas came into British
possession, following the treaty of Utrecht.
The British brought their own fighting and guard dogs with them into
the Balearics and crossed them with the native mastiffs of the Iberian
Peninsula, which also occurred in the Balearic Isles.
In the beginning of the 18th century, fights between dogs and bulls
(bull baiting) were very popular and the Britons inhabiting the Island
looked for a breed which would be held suited to such fights.
These circumstances explain the name “Ca de Bou”, Bull Dog.
In the Spanish Stud Book for the year 1923, the existence of this
breed is already established.
The first official entry was in the year 1928 and in 1929, when such a breed
was exhibited for the first time at a Dog Show in Barcelona.
GENERAL APPEARANCE : A typical
Molossian of somewhat elongated build, strong and powerful, of medium size.
The difference between the sexes is apparent in the head, whose
circumference is definitely greater in dogs than in bitches.
BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Quiet by nature, he can under some circumstances
be courageous and brave. He is
at ease with people, faithful and devoted to his master.
As a watch and guard dog, he is unsurpassed.
In quiet situations, he is trusting and self assured.
When roused, his expression is piercing.
HEAD : Strong and massive.
CRANIAL REGION :
Skull : Large, broad and almost square.
Its circumference, specially in males, is greater than the chest
measurement taken at the withers.
Forehead is broad and flat.
Frontal furrow well defined.
Seen from the front, due to the shape of the skull, back of skull is
not visible. Upper planes of
skull and muzzle are almost parallel, lightly converging.
Stop : Seen from side, strongly defined and protruding; seen from front,
only noticeable because the eyebrow arches form a definite frontal furrow.
FACIAL REGION : The jaw muscles are strong, protruding, well developed and
reach to the middle region below the eye.
Even though there are some folds which occur sideways over the
chewing muscles, there are altogether no folds in the skin of the head.
Nose : Black and broad. The
philtrum between the nostrils is well defined.
Muzzle : Set on at inner corner of eye, broad and conical, in profile
reminiscent of a blunt cone with a broad base.
The nasal bridge is staight, rising slightly.
Length of muzzle is in proportion of 1 to 3 to length of skull.
Lips : Laterally the upper lip covers the lower lip to the middle part of
the muzzle, where the corner of the mouth appears.
The upper lip is rather taut, whereas the lower lip is folded in its
middle part, so that in a closed muzzle, the lips are not noticeable.
The completely red mucous membrane of the mouth cavity has distinct
transversal ridges and the rims of the gums have black pigment.
Jaws/Teeth : The jaws are strong, incisors in a correct row and canines well
apart. The mouth is complete,
teeth white and strong. The bite
is undershot; the gap of the not exaggerated undershot bite should not be
more than 1 cm. When the muzzle
is closed, teeth must not be visible.
Eyes : Large, oval in shape, lids wide open, clearly outlined and slightly
slanting. Colour should be as dark as possible and according to coat colour.
Conjunctiva not visible.
Looked at from front, white of eyes should not be visible.
The eyes are deep set and far apart.
Ears : Set on high and to the sides, rather small, with inner ear opening
visible and drawn backwards in a curve; it is a so called “rose ear”.
In repose, the tip of the ear is below the line of the eye.
NECK : Strong, thick, in harmony to the whole.
At set on, roughly the diameter of the head; fitting well into
withers. Skin slightly loose;
thin dewlap permitted.
BODY :
Loins and flanks : Short, relatively narrow, with definite arch towards
croup.
Croup : 1 to 2 cm higher in position than withers.
Slanting to horizontal at an angle of 30 degrees and slightly
narrower than chest.
Chest : The rib cage is somewhat cylindrical, deep and reaches to the
elbows. As the tops of the
shoulder blades are wide apart, the chest is broad at the height of the
withers.
Lower line : The chest line runs parallel to the ground. The belly line
rises and is tucked up lightly, not greyhound-like.
TAIL : Low set on. Thick at
root, tapering towards the tip.
Hangs naturally in repose; in action it forms a slight curve and is raised
to height of the top line.
LIMBS
FOREQUARTERS :
Shoulders : Moderately short, slightly, slanting, hardly protruding.
Upper arm : Straight, parallel, set well apart.
Elbow : Standing away from the chest because of width of breast but in no
way turned out.
Forearm : Well muscled, straight, strong bone structure.
Front feet : Strong with thick, close together, lightly rounded toes.
Pads slightly pigmented.
HINDQUARTERS : Muscles broader than in forequarters.
Upper thigh : Broad, naturally angulated.
Hock : Short, straight, strong.
Dewclaws not desired.
Hind feet : Strong with thick toes which are longer than those of front feet
but altogether oval in shape.
Pigmented pads preferred.
GAIT / MOVEMENT : The typical
movement of this breed is the trot.
SKIN : Rather thick. Close
fitting to body except on neck, where a slight dewlap may occur.
COAT
HAIR : Short and rough to the touch.
COLOUR : Brindle, fawn and black, preference in this order.
In brindle dogs, dark tones are preferred, in fawn, the deeper shade
is preferred. White patches are
permitted on front feet, on chest and on muzzle up to a maximum of 30% of
the whole coat. A black mask is
also permitted.
SIZE AND WEIGHT :
Height at the withers : for dogs : from 55 to 58 cm. - for bitches :from 52
to 55 cm.
Weight : In dogs the weight ranges from 35 to 38 kg. -In bitches the weight
ranges
from 30 to 34 kg.
FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a
fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be
in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare
of the dog.
SERIOUS FAULTS :
Dogs which are taller at withers than their height at croup.
Undershot by more than 1 cm.
Scissor or pincer bite.
Lack of two premolars.
Lack of rose ears, ears which lie flat, close to cheeks.
Ears set on erect, even if the back third is the shape of a rose ear.
Tail shaped like a Bulldog’s.
Any other serious fault according to the standard.
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS :
Aggresive or overly shy.
Overshot mouth.
Light or yellow eyes.
Cropped ears or docked tail.
White colour which takes up more than 30% of the whole body elsewhere than
on front legs, chest and muzzle.
Patches of any other colour.
MEASUREMENTS FOR A MEDIUM SIZE DOG :
Weight :
36 kg.
Height at croup :
58 cm.
Height at withers :
56 cm.
Chest circumference :
78 cm.
Head circumference :
59,5 cm.
Length from back skull
to set on of tail :
73 cm.
Length from back skull
to end of muzzle :
22 cm.
Length of muzzle to stop :
8 cm.
Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be
disqualified.
N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully
descended into the scrotum.
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